Circular-knitting machine



(No Model.) 14 sheetssheen ,1.

G. J. 81; W. L. CNTI-MART,I W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. CATHGART, deceased.y

GIRGULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

Patented Dee. 25, 1888.

N ruins. Pnemrmxmgmphw, washington. n. c.

(No Model.) 14'Sheets-Sheet 2. G. J. 8v W. L. GATHCART.

W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGART, deceased. CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

DUI-M. M WHL? @JU l. .I l l l l l I l l I l I l l Il /TJ i O D a W d INH M, Lw Mm v w .W W/M n.. .M 3 ,m ,D n w l f L r n I@ 733km n vl. n Y... n. N wf, HHM r (No Model.) 14 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. J. a W. L. GATHOART. l W. GATHGART, Administratr of G. J. GATHGART, deceased.

CIRCULAR KNIPTING MACHINE.

.Patented Dec. 25. 188.8.

.jp llllllh Jack,

N. PETERS. Photmwgmphm', Washington. D. C.

(No Model.)

, 14 Sheets-Sheet 4. I Gr. J. vin W. L'. GATHGART.

W. GATHGART, Administrator of-G. J. GATHGART, deceased.

GIRCUL'AR KNITTING MACHINE.

Patented Deo. 25, 1888.

ffnmws N. PETERS, Phoiollhogrzpher, Wzlhlngfon. D. C.

'(No Model.) 14.r sheets-'sheen 5. C. J. 8v W. L. CATHCART.

W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGART, deceased.

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

(Nov Model.) 14 sheetssheen C. G. J. 8v W. L. CATHGART.

W. CATHCART, Administrator of'G. J.. GATHCART, deceased.

CIRCULAR KNITTINC MACHINE.

180.395,214. Patent-ed DCC. 25, 1888.

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V Wf MJ@ ,.MWWZ @ma 14 Sheets-Sheet 7.

G. J. 8v W. L. CATHCART. W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. CATHCART, deceased.

(No Model.)

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

n Farms. Pmwmmgmplwr, wumngm n. c.-

14 Sheets-Sheet 8.

(No Model.)

G. J. 8v W. L. OATHCART. W. CATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGART, deceased.

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

P tented De N. PEYERS. Plwm-Lmugnpner, washngian D. C.

(No Model.) `14 sheetssheet 9. G. J. 8v W. L. GAT-HCART.

W. CATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGAET, deceased. CIRCULAR KNITTING MAHINB.

)mv 4... a @fregi (No Model.) 14 sham-sheen 1o.

" Gr. J. & W. L. CATHCART.

W.- GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. CATHGART, deceased. CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

'N0.395,21'4. Patented Dec.25,18 88.

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' (11611101161.) 14 sheets-sheet 11.

G. J. 8v W. L. CA'THCART.

W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGART, deceased. CIRCULAR KNILTINGy MACHINE.

No. 395,214. Patented Deo. 2 5, 1888.

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W. CATHGART, Administrator offG. J. CATHGART, deceased.

y GIRGULAR KNITTING MAGHINB. No. 395.214,.

Patentednec. 25. 1888.

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N. PETERS. Phuto-Llhngmphnr. Wnshingon. D. C.

14 Sheets Sheet 13.

(No Model.)

G. J. 8v' W. L. CATH-CART.

W. GATHCART, AAehministwretor of G. J. GATHCART, deceased.

CIRCULAR vK1\IITTINC MACHINE. No. 395,214. Patented Dee. 25, 1888.

iwi //M @Me/...Z1 ...M e/em@ N. PETERS, Fhnmuthngmpher. wnxhngmn. D. t;

(No Model.) v 14 Sheets-Sheet V14. G. J. & W. L.. GATHCART. W. GATHGART, Administrator of G. J. GATHGART, deceased.

CIRCULAR KNJQITING MACHINE.

No. 395,214. Patented Dec. 2 5, 1888.

N. PETERS. Phum-unwgnphnr. wnshingmn. mc.

NITE STATES PATENT OEEicEo IVILLIAM CATIICART, OF GlVYNEDI), ADMINISTRATOR OF GILBERT J. OATII- ART, DEOEASED, AND IVILLIAM L. OATI-IOART, OE PHILADELPHIA, PENN- SYLVANIA; SAID NVILLIAM OATHOART, ADMINISTRATOR, ASSIGNOR TO ALEXANDER T.

CIRCULAR-KNITTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part ci' Letters Patent No. 395,214, dated December 25, 1888.

Application filed February 3, 1888. Serial No. 262,911. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that GILBERT J. CATHCART, deceased, and WTLLIAM L. CATHcART, citizens of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, did invent certain new and useA fnl Improvements in Circular-Knitting Machines; and the following is hereby declared t0 be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which' it appcrtains to make and use the saine.

This invention pertains, more especially, to the class of circular-knitting machines used for knitting stockings and similar articles, the object being to provide an automatic machine in which the several operations necessary to the formation of a complete stocking are effected automatically, thus rendering unnecessary the skilled labor required for operating hand-machines for knitting so-called seamless hosiery. In this machine, in others of its type, the needle-cylinder is stationary and the cam-cylinder containing' the needle-actuating cam-grooves either revolves continuously around it, as in knitting the leg and a portion of the foot, or is given a rotary reciprocating motion, as in forming the heel and toe. In the former operation a full set of needles is employed; in the latter, only a part of the set-say, one-half, (more orless,) the remainder being thrown out of action for the time being'. Thus when a sufficient length of leg has been knitted a part of the needles are thrown ont of operation and the continuous rotary motion of the cam-cylinder is changed to rotary lreciprocating, the result of which is the formation of a pouch at one side of the tubular web by knitting back and forth, which pouch lforms the heel of the completed stocking. In the course of Aits formaternatelyfrom the two ends of the series. Vhen the middle or n arrowest part is reached, 5o the needles which were successively thrown ont of operation are again picked up in the reverse order to that in which they were dropped-that is, alternately at opposite ends of the series, beginning with the last one and when this pouch is" finished the stocking is finished so far as the operation of this machine is concerned, the toe being closed after removal from the machine, either by hand or 7o by another machine constructed for that purpose. The cam-cylinder is stopped at the end of tubular knitting long` enough to allow that portion of the needles not employed in knitting the heel and toe ponches to be raised out ci' operative position, and again, after the pouches are formed, to allow them to be dropped into operative position.

In ordinary hand knitting-niacinnes the several operations are effected by hand- 8o manipulation, while in this machine they are effected automatically by machinery, whereby not merely the services of a skilled attendant are rendered unnecessary, but a uniformity in the goods produced is attained, which is iinpracticable with hand-machines.

The leading features of our invention may be summarized as follows: First, means for reducing the speed of the canrcylinder in knitting the heel and toe and for again re- 9o turning to normal speed on resuming tubular knitting; second, means for stopping the cam cylinder in such a position that V one-half (more or less) of the needles (the front half in a machine constructed as herein shown and described) may be raised and lowered en masse to throw them out of or into action; third, means for raising one-half (more or less) of the needles to throw them out of action for heel and toe knitting and for lovering them into action in order to resume tubular knitting; fourth, means for changing the motion of the cam-cylinder from continuous rotary to rotary reciprocating for heel and toe knitting, and for returning to continuous rotary on the completion of the heel and toe pouches, fifth, means for changing the needle-actuating cam-path of the camcylinder at every movement of said cylinder while reciprocating during heel and toe knitting; sixth, means for lifting out of action in the proper order and at the proper times the needles which are to be dropped in order to gradually narrow the heel and toe pouches, and for again lowering them into action in the proper order and at the proper times for gradually widening said pouches after passing the narrowest points; seventh, means for automatically stopping' off the supply of yarn at that point in each movement of the camcyllinder in reciprocating when the threadguide (which is carried by the cam-cylinder, and has therefore a stroke of constant length) passes the last needle of the series in operation, and for again releasing the thread at that point in each movement when the threadguide reaches the first needle of the series in operation; eighth, means for automatically holding the web during reciprocating knitting to prevent the pouch portion of said web from rising with the needles when the latter are lifted by the knitting-cams, said means being independent of the web take-up com- ,monly used in tubular knitting; ninth, means for securing the needle-cylinder in place and for guiding the needles in their vertical movements, and for releasing the cylinder and needles when it is necessary to remove either or both.

Other features, which may be regarded as of minor importance, will be pointed out in the claims.

The general operation of the machine may be outlined as follows: Vhen knitting the tubular portions of stockings-that is, the legs and feet-the machine runs at full speed. Vhen the leg is finished, the cam-cylinder stops long enough to permit the needles not required in knitting the heel (one-half7 more or less,) to be raised en masse to an inoperative position with their actuating-butts above and entirely clear of the knitting-cams. At thevsame time the yarn stop-off mechanism and a vertically-moving and spring-pressed web-holder are thrown into operation, the former to stop off the supply of yarn when the last operative needle is passed during each course of reciprocating knitting and the latter to hold the web during that portion of a reciprocation while knitting is progressing, and during the remainder of each movement in either direction to be rising to take hold afresh for the next knitted course. At the same time, also, the esc'apement which controls the variably-operative needles in action during the reciprocating courses is unlocked. The mechanism for reducing the speed is then brought into operation, and the cam-cylinder is started at the decreased speed; but instead of the continuous rotary motion which it had during the formation of the leg it is now given a rotary reciprocating motion, whereby the needles remaining in operation are caused to knit a pouch for the heel. lVhen the pouch is completed, the reduced-speed mechanism is thrown out of operation and the machine resumes its normal speed. The heel-pouch is to be gradually narrowed on one side, and in order to effect this one needle is raised out of operative position at each movement of the cam-cylinder in reciprocating, the needle so thrown out of operation being taken alternately from opposite ends of the series in action'. After this side is completed, the other side of the pouch is knitted, gradually widening throughout its length, the needles thrown out in narrowing being again lowered into operative position in the same manner in which they were thrown out, but in reverse order. The reciprocating movements of the cam-cylinder and of the thread-guide, which is attached to and moves with it, must of necessity be at first of sufficient length to knit the widest course of the Hap, and as this motion or stroke is in our machine made, for convenience, of a constant length during all reciprocations, it follows that a yarn stop-olf must be provided for checking the supply of yarn at that pointin each movement when the last operative needle is passed. This stop-off, which is putin operation at the beginning of reciprocating knitting, grasps the thread at the time above specilied in each operation, and holdsit until the thread-guide in the return movement reaches the first operative needle, when the stop-off re- IOO IIO

leases the thread until. the last operative needle in that direction is passed. rlhis grasping and releasing' of the thread are repeated during each movement of the cam-cylinder in reciprocating until the pouch is completed.

As soon as the heel-pouch is completed the cam-cylinder stops long enough to allow the needles which were thrown out of operation at the completion of the leg to be again lowered into operative position. The yarn stop-off and web-holder are thrown out of action. At the same time the mechanisms for changing the motion of the' cam-cylinder back to continuous rotary and for throwing out of operation and for raising and lowering the variably-operative needles are brought into operation. The speed-eontrollin g mechanism then moves from the stop to the high-speed position, the cam-cylind er is started, and tubular knitting is resumed to form the foot. On the completion of the foot the operations above described for forming the heel-pouch are repeated to form the toe-pouch, and when this is finished the machine stops automat-i- Vchain-drum in left-hand end elevation.

cally and the attendant shifts the belt from the fast to the loose pulley, to prevent further motion of the pattern-chains. The stocking complete, except as to the seam across the toe, can then be removed from the machine.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate this invention and form a part of this specication, Figure 1 represents a partlysectional front elevation of the operative mechanism of t-he machine, all framing, eX- cept the table, and all parts above the table, except the needle and cam cylinders, being omitted. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a top plan of all parts below the table, the lever-bed, patterndrum shaft, and thei r connections bein shown in dotted outline instead of solid detail. Fig. 3, Sheet 3, represents a section on line 3 of Fig. 1, showingl the friction-cone and its shifter-fork partly in vertical section and partly in left-hand end elevation, the actuating-cam ot' the friction-cone in vertical section, and the cam-operating lever, pattern-chain, and Fig. 4, Sheet 3, `is a top plan of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3 and of parts of the adj ustinggear for stopping` the cam-cylinder at the proper time and in the proper position. Fig. 5, Sheet 3, is a left-hand end elevation of a section of Fig. 1 on line M N, showing the adjusting-cam 53 and ratchet 41 and their connections for stopping the cam-cylinder in proper position. Fig. (i, Sheet 3, is a partlysectional front elevation of the mechanism for moving the tripping-shield 43 of the adjusting-ratchet 41. Fig. 7, Sheet 3, shows the tripping-shield 43 and its lever 4--1 both in plan and in side elevation. Fig. S, Sheet 3, shows the adjusting-cam 53 in longitudinal and `in transverse section. Fig. 9, Sheet 1, is a partlysectional left-hand end elevation of the adjusting-cam gear. Fig. 10, Sheet l, is a front elevation ot' the adjusting-cam gear. Fig. 11, Sheet i, is a left-hand end elevation of a section on line O P, Fig'. 1, showing the gear for throwing the revolving friction-gear into and out of action and part of the devices for chaiiging the length of the expanding crank or arm of variable radius, 1t. Fig. 12, Sheet 2, shows detail views in plan and side elevation of the parts of the expanding-crank 1a on shaft 3, and indicating, also, the connection between said crank and the crank 12 on shaft B, as seen from a left-hand end view. Fig. 13, Sheet 5, a vert-ical section on the irregular line V T R Q, Fig. 24, Sheet 7, through the needle and cam cylinders, jackcylinder, lever-bed, pattern-drum, and their connections, the view being taken from the left-hand end of the machine. Fig. 14, Sheet 5, is a side view of a jack for a variably-operative needle. Fig. 15, Sheet 5, is a side view of a jack. for a needle which is out of operation during the formation of the heel and toe flaps. Fig. 16, Sheet 2, shows in semiplan and in semi-elevation the jack-holder for holding and moving the jacks of the needles which are out of action during the formation of the heel and toe pouches. Fig. 17, Sheet 4, is a right-hand end elevation, partly sectional, of the mechanism for raising and lowering the series of needles which is out of operation during heel and toe knitting, and for throwing into and out of action the yarn stopot'f, the web-holder, and the mechanism for controlling the action of the variably-operative needles. Fig. 1S, Sheet 4, represents a section through the shaft of the escapement and a portion of t-he disconnecting-lever (39. Fig. 19, Sheet (5, is a top plan view, and Fig. 20, same sheet, a front elevation, of the eamcylinder and of the annular gear-wheel which drives it. Fig. 21, Sheet G, is a development of a portion of the interior of the cam-cylinder, showing' the needle-actuating cams and the means for changing the direction ot' the campat-h. Fig. 22, Sheet (5, is a development of a portion of the exterior of the cam-cylinder, showing the slots in which move the fillingpieces which connect the movable needle cams or switches with the cam or switch yoke. Fig. 23, Sheet (3, is a horizontal section through Fig. 21, showin g the cam-yoke and cams partly in plan and partly in section. Fig. 24, Sheet 7, is a top plan view of the lever-bed, patterndrums, and shaft, and their connections, the

levers of the right-hand drum being omitted.

Fig. 25, Sheet S, is a vertical longitudinal section through the right-han d pattern-drum, the escapement-wheel, and the winding mechanism, the supporting-shaft being shown in elevation. 2U, Sheet S, is a right-hand end elevation ot' the pattern-drum, the winding mechanism, and the escapement-wheel. Fig. 27, Sheet 1, is an elevation of one of the camrings secured upon the pattern-drums for throwing the needles into and out of action. Fig. 23, Sheet 2, is a right-hand end elevation of part of the escapement mechanism, showing the means for maintaining a constant tension of the springs that drive the patterndrums. Fig. 213), Sheet 7, is a vertical section through the fast and loose hubs on. the pattcrli-drum shaft, by which the adjusting-cam 53 is shifted along shaft C, the shaft being shown in elevation. Fig. 30, Sheet t), is a top plan view, and Fig. 3l, Sheet 10, a front elevation, of that part ot' the yarn take-up and of the web-holder gear which is located above the table, showing also part of the knitting mechanism. Fig. Sheet 11 is a'left-hand vend elevation of the yarn take-up mechanism, showing also part of the knittin mechanism. Fig. 33, Sheet12, is a vertical section through the needle and cam cyl in ders, the annular drivinggear 26, and the web-holder, and a left-hand end elevation of the mechanism for operating the web-holder. Fig. 34, Sheet 9, is .a partlysectional semi-plan, and Fig. 35, same sheet, a semi-section,of the web-holder, the cap a3 being omitted in Fig. 3i. Fig'. 3G, Sheet 13, is a vertical section through the needle-cylinder and its support, and tln-ough the grip and guard bands on the line S Q, Fig. 24, showing the relative positions of the grip and guard IOO IZO

bands and jacks to allow the needle-cylinder to be removed. The jacks GO at the left of the view would not appear in a section on line S Q, since the needles at the rear of the cylinder for about thirty degrees on each side of the section-line are always in operation, and are therefore not provided with jacks. The jack-sinker 60 is shown in the view merely for the purpose of illustratin the positions of the jacks of the vaiiably-operativc needles when the parts are in position to permitthe needlecylinder to be removed. Fig. 37, Sheet 13, is a top plan view of the grip-band and a horizontal section through the gripping-pieces on the line lV X, Fig. Fig. 38, Sheet 13, is aplan of the base of one of the standards that support the grip-band, and Fig. 39, Sheet et, is a top plan View of the lever and connections for moving the revolving friction-gear into and out of action and for changing the length of the crank or arm of variable radius 14. Fig. 4.0 illustrates a link used in steam engines, and known as the Gooch link, which in modified form is applicable to this machine. Fig. 41 illustrates an alternative for the expanding-crank, hereinafter described, for chan ging the motion of the machine from rotary to rotary reciprocating, and vice versa. Fig. 42 represents a section on the line 1 2 of Fig. 41.

The terms right-hand en d view and lefthand end view,7 as used in the foregoing description, signify that the views are taken from the end of the machine indicated, that end on the right hand of the observer as he faces the machine in Fig. 1 being regarded as the right-hand end, and that on his left hand as the left-hand end. In the views from which the frame of the machine is omitted the journals of the several. shafts shown are unshaded, and are marked conventionally with cross-lines, thelength of which indicates the length of the journal-bearings.

The same parts are marked with the same letters or iigures in all the figures of the drawings.

A designates the power-shaftfrom which the mechanisms for performing the various operations are driven. This shaft is provided with the usual fast and loose pulleys, 2 3, through which power is applied and taken off to run and stop themachine. It also carries the male part 5 of a double-cone frictionclutch, which revolves therewith, but is free to be moved longit-udinally in either direction from a central position into engagement with the female parts (i and 7, which are bolted, respectively, or otherwise attached to the spurwheels 8 and 9, these being of different diam eters and mounted loosely on the same shaft, A, so as to be capable of revolving independently, but not so as to be capable of moving longitudinally upon it. These gears mesh, respectively, with spur-gears 10 and 11, which are also of different diameters and are keyed on the shaft B, which is directly below shaft A.

From the foregoing it will be understood that whichever gear, 8 or 9, is driven by the friction-cone 5 will rotate the shaft B, while the other will rotate idly on shaft A, and that slow motion will be imparted by gear 8 and fast motion by gear 9. The motion of shaft B is communicated through crank 12, connecting-rod 13, and crank 14 to shaft C, which is located vertically above shaft A. As single crank-coimections are liable to stop at the dead-points, revolving friction -gear 15 16 17, Fig. 11, Sheet 4, of the ordinary type is employed as an auxiliary to the cranks and to carry the latter past the dead-points. Of this gear the lower male wheel, 15, is keyed to shaft B, the upper male wheel, 16, to shaft C, and the female part 17 revolves on a spindle, 18, which is carried by a bar, 19, that is capable of being reciprocated in a guideway, 20, attached to the frame of the machine. The reciprocation of the bar 19 in one direction to carry the female gear 17 out of action is effected by a pattern or cam chain, K, carried by a drum on shaft F, which is in rear of shaft A, and in the opposite direction to throw the said gear into action by a spring, 74. The wheels 15 and 1G are of the same size, andthe spindle 1S, when the wheels are in action, is equidistant from the axes of both. Therefore the exact angular velocity of wheel 15 is imparted to wheel 16, and said wheels work in unison with the crank-connection between the two shafts B and C. The purpose of throwing this friction-gear into and out of action is explained by the fact that in circular knitting the shaft C rotates, while in heel and toe knitting (which is effected by reciprocatory motion) it oscillates. It is evident that during the backward oscillations the friction-gear, if in action, would work against the cranks. Moreover, the oscillations of shaft C, being less than a half-revolution, there are no centers to pass and the friction-gear is not needed; hence the provision for throwing it out of gear at this stage of the work.

On the shaft C, to the right of the frictionwheel 16, is a spur-gear, 21,which meshes with a similar gear, 22, keyed on a short shaft, D, above shaft C. For reasons to be hereinafter explained, the gear-wheel 22 is exactly onehalf the diameter of gear-wheel 21. At the opposite end of shaft l) is a miter-gear, 23, which meshes with and drives the combined spur and miter gear 25, the latter in turn meshing with and driving the annular spur-gear 2G,which is connected with and drives the cam-cylinder 29. It will thus be seen that the fast or slow speed required for tubular or for heel and toe knitting is obtained by shifting longitudinally on the shaft A the double friction-cone 5, which, when driving the gear 9, gives the fast speed required for tubular knitting, since gear 9 is much larger in diameter than gear 11, with which it meshes, and when driving-gear 8 gives the relatively slow motion required for heel and toe knitting, since the gears S and 10 are of the same diameter. It will also be understood that when the double cone 5 is in the central position where it IOO IIO

drives neither of the gears S 9 the shaft B, and consequently the cam-cylinder also, will be at rest so far as the main driving mechanism is concerned. An auxiliary drivinggear has been added, the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained.

The friction-cone 5 is moved alon the shaft A by the shifter-fork 00, (see, Figs. Sand 4, Sheet 3,) which grasps pins set in a loose collar, 3l, that encircles the neck of the cone. The upper part or stem of the foi-k3() is bentin a vertical plane and projects into an inclined opening, which is denominated a campath, in a built-up block or cam,32. This block or cam-is capable of moving vertically between guides 33, which are attached to the frame of the machine, and when moved up or down will force the fork, and with it the cone, to the right or left, according to the direction of movement. This vertical movement of cam 32 is effected by a substantially built-up pattern or cam chain, E, which is carried by a revolving drum, 35, onv shaft F, as follows: One end of a lever, 30, which is pivoted at 37, passes through the cam-block 32, and the other end, w-hich is provided with an anti-friction roller,

presses upon .the pattern or cam chain E, be-

ing held in contact therewith by a spring, 33, the upper end of which `is attached to the frame ofthe machine. The links of the chain E are of three heights corresponding with the fast motion, stop, and slow motion positions of the cone 5. Thus when the roller end of the lever bears upon the lowest links of the chain the cam-block will be in its highest position, the cone 5 will be forced to the right, and the gear 9 will be driven, whereby the fast motion will be produced. Then it is tripped by the next higher or intermediate links the cam-block 32 will be drawn down to the middle or stop position, neither of the gears S 9 will be driven, and thc shaft B will be at rest. Then it is still further tripped by the highest links of the chain, the cam-block will be drawn down to its lowest position, the cone 5 will be forced to the left, and the gear 9 will be driven, whereby the slow motion required for heel and toe knitting will be produced. Thus by placingI links of the proper height at the proper points in the chain the shifter-fork and frictirm-cone will be brought to either of these three positions at the proper times to produce a stocking of any desired length. Thechain shaft F is driven by power-shaft A, which is always in motion through eccentric 39, strap 39, and ratchet and pawl 40.

The automatic stoppage of the eam-cylind er in suoli a position that the front half of the needles may be raised en masse out of actionw t'. e., with the needle-actuating cams 79, 80, and 3l, Fig. 21 of Sheet (5, in the center of the rear half of the needles-involves the employment of two distinct mechanisms: first, in order to remove the question of momentum from the problem, the friction-cone 5 is brought to the central position, in the manner above explained, whenthe machine stops. A

ratchet, 4l, on the shaft B, and actuating-eccentric, 42, on shaft A, (see Fig. 5, Sheet 3,) a strap or connecting-rod, 42, and pawl 4la are then thrown into action, and these drive the machine at a very low rate of speed until the cam-cylinder is brought to the proper position; second, when the proper position is reached a tripping mechanism is hrought into action, by which the pawl 41a is thrown out of engagement with ratchet 4l, thus leaving the machine without power, and consequently at rest, until the pattern or cam chain E acts through the lever 36, cam-block 32, and shifterfork 30 to move the cone5 into action, when the machine again starts. Themechanisms referred to are shown in Figs. 3 to 10, inclusive.

The ratchet 4]. is keyed on shaft B, and its pawl is actuated by the eccentric 42, which is keyed on shaft A, and whose strap and rod move the loose crank which carries the pawl. Inasmuch as the shaft A is always in motion, the ratchet 41 would be always acted upon by its pawl without some provision for throwing the pawl out of action. To effect this throwing out of the pawl, a shield, 43, is Alived to the lower end of a lever, 44, which is loosely fulcrumed on shaft B, and whose ripper end is connected to a vertically -movable rod, 45, which is suitably supported in stationary guides and is pressed upward by a spring, 4o. The. rod 45 is connected with one end of a lever, 47, which is pivoted at 48, and whose opposite end, which carries an anti-friction roller, rests on a cam-table, 49, connected with one of the arms of the shifter-fork 30 and movable horizontally with said fork. The table 49 has a depression at its center; but the two ends are of the same vertical height. At either the fast or slow positions of the fork 30 the roller end of the lever 47 will rest upon the hi glrportion (one of the ends) of the table 49, the rod 45 will be pressed down, the lever 44 will be turned, and the shield 43 thrown under the pawl to force and hold the latter out of engagement ,with the ratchet; but when the fork is in its central position and the friction-cone 5 is out of action (in the stop position) the end of the lever 47 will rest in the depression of the table 49, the rod 45 will be pressed up by its spring 46, and the shield 43 will be withdrawn from under the pawl, leaving the latter free to engage with and act upon the ratchet.

In order to stop the machine at the exact point required, there is placed vertically above the lifting-rod 45 a tripping-rod, 50, movable in stationary vertical guides, which has a curved roller-arm, 5l, the outer end of which bears constantly on a rotating cam, 53, which is mounted on and revolves with the shaft C, and is capable of longitudinal movement thereon. This cam (see Fig. 8) has, at

a point in its circumference corresponding with the position in which the cam-cylinder is to be stopped, a depression, 54, into which the roller arm drops when it (the depression) IOO IIO

reaches the proper position, the rod and arm being pressed down by a spring, 52, which causes a head on the lower end of rod 50 to strike the rod 45 and force it down, whereby the shield i3 is again interposed between the pawl and ratchet, and the cam-cylinder is stopped at the exact point. The cam 53 is of such a length that when moved to the right its depression 54E will be carried ont of the plane of the roller-arm 51, and the latter will then rest on the cylindrical part of the` cam, and will be prevented from dropping down. It is only when the cam is moved to the left, as represented in Fig. 1, that the rod 50 can drop to move the shield 43.

The longitudinal movement of cam 5S on shaft C is governed by a shifter-fork, 55, Fi 9 and 10, Sheet 1, pivoted at 57, and operated by a sliding hub, h', on shaft G, the action of which will be hereinafter described in detail.

During tubular knitting cam 53 is always in the position indicated in Fig. 1, and hence at the end of tubular knitting, when ratchet 41 is thrown into action its pawl will be tripped during the first revolution of shaft C. During heel and toe knitting cam 53 moves to the left three times, as will be hereinafter explained. The first two of these movements have no effect upon the machine, as it is then driven by the friction-cone 5; but the last occurs exactly at the end of the last required reciprocation of the cam-cylinder, at which time, through the proper arrangement of the links on chain E, the machine is being driven by the pawl 41 and ratchet 41, so that the shield will be raised and the pawl tripped within one oscillation of shaft (l, thus stopping the cani-cylinder at the proper position for lowering the series of needles previously raised en masse.

The automatic raising and lowering at the proper times of one half of the needles to throw them out of or into action is effected primarily through the agency of a pattern or cam chain, H, carried by a drum on shaft F. As shown in Fig. 13, Sheet 5, the needle-cylinder 56 rests on a lower cylinder, 57, of greater external diameter, but with corresponding grooves, in which move, when required, the jacks 59 (JO, which bring the needles into and out of action. The needles 5S are each formed with two butts, the upper one fitting into the needle -actuating camgroove of the cam-cylinder, and the lower one forming a projection by which the jack can grasp the needle to pull it into or push it out of action. For convenience, the needles are made of the same shape throughout the cylinder, although one-third (more or less) of the back needles, which are always in operation, require no lower butts. The jacks 59 and GO are used with all the needles, except those just specified, which knit the narrowest part of the web in forming the heel and toe pouches. They are of different shapes, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, those marked 59 being used with the front needles, which are inactive during heel and toe knitting, vwhile those marked 60 are used with the two-thirds of the back needles, which are variably operative during that time. The function of the jacks is twofold: First, to raise the needle out of action by lifting their upper butts above the highest point of the needle-actuating cams, in which case the lower butts of the needles rest on the bottoms of the upper interior spaces of the jacks, and, secondly, to pull the needle down into action again, or sufficiently low for the actuating cam-groove to catch an d operate the upper butts. The upper interior space on the jack is atleast equal to the vertical stroke of the needle in knitting plus the height of lower butts.

The jack-frames of the front needles, which are raised and lowered in a body, are secured in a jack-holder, 6l. (Shown in section in Fig. 13, Sheet 5, and in semi-front elevation and in semi-plan in Fig. 1G, Sheet 2.) This jack-holder is simply an annular semi-cylinder with a flange at the bottom, to which the lifting-rod G2 is attached, and formed at the top with radial notches or grooves to receive the jacks. The jacks are held in place by-an annular cap, 63, which has an inner downturned knife edge flange which rests in notches formed in the upper sides of the outturned bases of the jacks and holds the latter down to the jack-holder. This cap is secured to the jack-holder by screws hm.

ln the center of t-he jack-holder there is a vertical slot, 64, through which projects an arm, (35, at the bottom of cylinder 57, which arm supports the standard 66, the said slot being of sufficient length to permit the vertical movement of the jack-holder necessary to move the needles into and out of action. The jack-holder, and with it the front jacks and needles, is raised and lowered by the liftingrod ($2, which in turn is operated by a lever, 67, )ivoted at GS. (See Fig. 17, Sheet 4.) Lever (57 is joined to and operated by the rollerlever G9, which is moved by pattern or cam chain H, carried by a drum, H90, on shaft F, said lever being held against said chain by a spring, 7 O, through intermediate connections, hereinafter described, as shown in Fig. 17. Inasmuch as chain H acts in the same manner and at the same time as pattern-chain E, it is evident that when the machine has been stopped at the proper place, as above described, a low link. in chain Il, coming under lever (59, will allow said lever to fall at that end, raising the outer end of lever G7, liftingrod 62, jack-holder 61, and front jacks and needles. The stroke of jack-holder 61 is so graduated as when it is raised to throw the upper butts of the needles entirely clear of the needle-actuating cams. The lever G7 is curved or bent at that point below the jackholder to allow the knitted web to pass to the web take-up.

The reciprocating rotary motion of the eamcylinder, by which heel and toe knitting is effected, is obtained by throwing the central IOO IIO

IIS 

